A group of Israelites who have worked together for more than three decades prepared the Society of Biblical Literature’s new Lexicon of the Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicography of the Old Testament (Society of Biblical Literature, 2013). The book is an English-language resource in which one can find the meanings and contexts of both modern and ancient Hebrew terms in holy scripture.
There is no single word for “lexicon” in ancient Hebrew or Aramaic. The word used most often in the Bible that is often translated “word” is dabar (daw-bawr’; Heb. dâber), which means “word, speech, message, statement, declaration.” When this root appears on its own as a noun, it refers to something said or written down; when it appears as a verb, it usually means “to speak or declare something aloud.”
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Hebrew And Aramaic Lexicon of The Old Testament
Introduction
The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament is a comprehensive, multi-volume lexical study of the Hebrew and Aramaic sources of the Bible. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament is designed for scholars working in biblical research who need resources for identifying and understanding key words in ancient Hebrew and Aramaic texts. Focusing on many new biblical passages not covered by other standard lexicons, it also features an improved format that facilitates finding key terms quickly
HALOT Online is based on the 4th edition of HALOT (Hebrew and Aramaic lexicon of the Old Testament), which was edited by Koehler, Baumgartner, Stamm and Richardson (Leiden: Brill, 1994–2000). HALOT Online provides a systematic exposition of every word in the Hebrew Bible that occurs more than twenty times and is used exclusively as a noun, verb, adjective or preposition. Words are arranged in order of their first occurrence in successive books of the Hebrew Bible. Each entry contains a discussion of the form and function of the word. The meaning and usage of derivatives are also discussed. The bibliography has been fully updated to include all work from 1994 to 2012, with links to many articles. When an update is made to any entry, users will be notified via e-mail or RSS feed
HALOT online is based on the 4th edition of the HALOT (Hebrew and Aramaic lexicon of the Old Testament), which was edited by Koehler, Baumgartner, Stamm and Richardson (Leiden: Brill, 1994–2000).
HALOT online is based on the 4th edition of the HALOT (Hebrew and Aramaic lexicon of the Old Testament), which was edited by Koehler, Baumgartner, Stamm and Richardson (Leiden: Brill, 1994–2000).
The fourth edition is a substantial revision of its predecessors. Most of the changes concern new or revised entries and their cross-references; however there are also some minor additions to other parts of the work as well.
HALOT Online provides a systematic exposition of every word in the Hebrew Bible that occurs more than twenty times and is used exclusively as a noun, verb, adjective or preposition.
The HALOT Online database is a systematic exposition of every word in the Hebrew Bible that occurs more than twenty times and is used exclusively as a noun, verb, adjective, or preposition. It provides information on the etymology, morphology and syntax of each word as well as a wealth of quotations from ancient sources (including translations) illustrating its usage. The content and structure of this database are based mainly on Gesenius’ Hebräisches und aramäisches Handwörterbuch über die Schriften des Alten Testaments (HALOT).
Words are arranged in order of their first occurrence in successive books of the Hebrew Bible.
The Hebrew Bible is divided into three parts:
- The Torah (The Law), which consists of the first five books in the Hebrew Bible.
- The Nevi’im (Prophets), which consists of the other seventeen books in the Hebrew Bible, starting with Joshua and ending with Malachi.
- The Ketuvim (Writings), which consists of twelve other writings from later prophets and poets, such as Lamentations and Ruth.
This structure allows for a clear progression through different types of literature—historical narrative to poetry to law—as well as a clear ordering within each type of literature—the order is determined by when each book was written; not by when something happened in history or when someone lived
Each entry contains a discussion of the form and function of the word.
Each entry contains a discussion of the form and function of the word. The form section reveals similarities to other words in Hebrew, Aramaic, and other languages; when possible, it also notes cases where this word is used differently from its counterparts in those languages. The function section describes how this word has been used in biblical passages. This information can help you better understand how God inspired His prophets to write the Old Testament scriptures!
The meaning and usage sections both describe how these words are used throughout the Bible; however, they focus on different aspects of their use:
The meaning section focuses on what each word means independently—i.e., without reference to any particular passage or authorial intent (although such references are included as appropriate). For example: “the Hebrew word אֵין (ayin) means ‘not’” or “the Aramaic term بَعْضς (ba’ads) means ‘another.’”
The usage section looks at how each term fits into larger grammatical structures within given passages—i.e., with respect for authorial intent and genre conventions that affect individual words’ meanings within a larger context (such as historical narrative versus poetry). For example: “In Genesis 4:8b–9a [Genesis 4] Cain speaks about himself using this term [כֹּל (koL)]. In verse 12 [Genesis 5] Enoch uses it again when speaking about his sons.”
The meaning and usage of derivatives are also discussed.
The meaning and usage of derivatives are also discussed. Derivatives, or words derived from the main word, are helpful in understanding the meaning of a word. For example, when you come across the term “tithe” in your reading, you may not know what it means (but now you do). The Hebrew dictionary lists derivations at the end of entries for each lemma (root) and provides information about their origin and use.
New entries and revisions are continually added.
You will be notified when new entries or revisions are added. This can be done via e-mail, RSS feed, or both.
You will only be notified of new entries and revisions that are relevant to your interests. For example, if you have no interest in the word heaven but do want to know when a new entry on harems is added, this is possible with the “subscribe” feature.
Conclusion
There are over 6,000 entries in HALOT Online, with more being added all the time. This makes it an invaluable resource for anyone interested in the Hebrew Bible.
