The Bible is a testament to the power of God. It is the story of how God created the world, how he chose to work with human beings, and how he redeemed their sins. The Bible also tells us about his son Jesus Christ, who came to save us from our sins and bring us into heaven after we die.
The Bible is divided into two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament tells about God’s relationship with His chosen people in ancient Israel, while the New Testament tells about Jesus’ life on earth and how he saved those who believe in him.
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Bible Genealogy Chart Adam To Jesus Pdf
The New Testament provides two accounts of the genealogy of Jesus, one in the Gospel of Matthew and another in the Gospel of Luke. Matthew starts with Abraham, while Luke begins with Adam. The lists are identical between Abraham and David, but differ radically from that point. Matthew has twenty-seven generations from David to Joseph, whereas Luke has forty-two, with almost no overlap between the names on the two lists. Notably, the two accounts also disagree on who Joseph’s father was: Matthew says he was Jacob, while Luke says he was Heli.
Traditional Christian scholars (starting with Africanus and Eusebius) have put forward various theories that seek to explain why the lineages are so different, such as that Matthew’s account follows the lineage of Joseph, while Luke’s follows the lineage of Mary, although both start with Jesus and then go to Joseph, not Mary. Some modern critical scholars like Marcus Borg and John Dominic Crossan state that both genealogies are inventions, intended to bring the Messianic claims into conformity with Jewish criteria.
Matthew’s genealogy
Matthew 1:1–17 begins the Gospel with “A record of the origin of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham: Abraham begot Isaac, …” and continues on until “… Jacob begot Joseph, the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ. Thus there were fourteen generations in all from Abraham to David, fourteen from David to the exile to Babylon, and fourteen from the exile to the Christ.”
Matthew emphasizes, right from the beginning, Jesus’ title Christ—the Greek rendering of the Hebrew title Messiah—meaning anointed, in the sense of an anointed king. Jesus is presented as the long-awaited Messiah, who was expected to be a descendant of King David. Matthew begins by calling Jesus the son of David, indicating his royal origin, and also son of Abraham, indicating that he was an Israelite; both are stock phrases, in which son means descendant, calling to mind the promises God made to David and to Abraham.
Matthew’s introductory title (βίβλος γενέσεως, book of generations) has been interpreted in various ways, but most likely is simply a title for the genealogy that follows, echoing the Septuagint use of the same phrase for genealogies.
Matthew’s genealogy is considerably more complex than Luke’s. It is overtly schematic, organized into three sets of fourteen, each of a distinct character:
- The first is rich in annotations, including four mothers and mentioning the brothers of Judah and the brother of Perez.
- The second spans the Davidic royal line, but omits several generations, ending with “Jeconiah and his brothers at the time of the exile to Babylon.”
- The last, which appears to span only thirteen generations, connects Joseph to Zerubbabel through a series of otherwise unknown names, remarkably few for such a long period.
The total of 42 generations is achieved only by omitting several names, so the choice of three sets of fourteen seems deliberate. Various explanations have been suggested: fourteen is twice seven, symbolizing perfection and covenant, and is also the gematria (numerical value) of the name David.
The rendering into Greek of Hebrew names in this genealogy is mostly in accord with the Septuagint, but there are a few peculiarities. The form Asaph seems to identify King Asa with the psalmist Asaph. Likewise, some see the form Amos for King Amon as suggesting the prophet Amos, though the Septuagint does have this form. Both may simply be assimilations to more familiar names. More interesting, though, are the unique forms Boes (Boaz, LXX Boos) and Rachab (Rahab, LXX Raab).
Omissions
Three consecutive kings of Judah are omitted: Ahaziah, Jehoash, and Amaziah. These three kings are seen as especially wicked, from the cursed line of Ahab through his daughter Athaliah to the third and fourth generation. The author could have omitted them to create a second set of fourteen.
Another omitted king is Jehoiakim, the father of Jeconiah, also known as Jehoiachin. In Greek the names are even more similar, both being sometimes called Joachim. When Matthew says, “Josiah begot Jeconiah and his brothers at the time of the exile,” he appears to conflate the two, because Jehoiakim, not Jeconiah, had brothers, but the exile was in the time of Jeconiah. While some see this as a mistake, others argue that the omission was once again deliberate, ensuring that the kings after David spanned exactly fourteen generations.
The final group also contains fourteen generations. If Josiah’s son was intended as Jehoiakim, then Jeconiah could be counted separately after the exile. Some authors proposed that Matthew’s original text had one Joseph as the father of Mary, who then married another man of the same name.
Fourteen generations span the time from Jeconiah, born about 616 BC, to Jesus, born circa 4 BC. The average generation gap would be around forty-four years. However, in the Old Testament, there are even wider gaps between generations. Also, we do not see any instances of papponymic naming patterns, where children are named after their grandparents, which was a common custom throughout this period. This may indicate that Matthew has telescoped this segment by collapsing such repetitions.
Luke’s genealogy
Luke’s genealogy of Jesus, from the Book of Kells, transcribed by Celtic monks c. 800
In the Gospel of Luke, the genealogy appears at the beginning of the public life of Jesus. This version is in ascending order from Joseph to Adam. After telling of the baptism of Jesus, Luke 3:23–38 states, “Jesus himself began to be about thirty years of age, being (as was supposed) the son of Joseph, which was [the son] of Heli, …” (3:23) and continues on until “Adam, which was [the son] of God.” (3:38) The Greek text of Luke’s Gospel does not use the word “son” in the genealogy after “son of Joseph”. Robertson notes that, in the Greek, “Luke has the article tou repeating uiou (Son) except before Joseph”.
This genealogy descends from the Davidic line through Nathan, who is an otherwise little-known son of David, mentioned briefly in the Old Testament.
In the ancestry of David, Luke agrees completely with the Old Testament. Cainan is included between Arphaxad and Shelah, following the Septuagint text (though not included in the Masoretic Text followed by most modern Bibles).
Augustine notes that the count of generations in the Book of Luke is 77, a number symbolizing the forgiveness of all sins. This count also agrees with the seventy generations from Enoch set forth in the Book of Enoch, which Luke probably knew. Though Luke never counts the generations as Matthew does, it appears he also followed hebdomadic principle of working in sevens. However, Irenaeus counts only 72 generations from Adam.
The reading “son of Aminadab, son of Aram”, from the Old Testament is well attested. The Nestle-Aland critical edition, considered the best authority by most modern scholars, accepts the variant “son of Aminadab, son of Admin, son of Arni”, counting the 76 generations from Adam rather than God.
Luke’s qualification “as was supposed” (ἐνομίζετο) avoids stating that Jesus was actually a son of Joseph, since his virgin birth is affirmed in the same gospel. Some view that “as was supposed of Joseph” regards Luke as calling Jesus a son of Eli—meaning that Heli (Ἠλί, Heli) was the maternal grandfather of Jesus, with Luke tracing the ancestry of Jesus through Mary. Therefore, per Adam Clarke (1817), John Wesley, John Kitto and others the expression “Joseph, [ ] of Heli”, without the word “son” being present in the Greek, indicates that “Joseph, of Heli” is to be read “Joseph, [son-in-law] of Heli”. This view is strongly supported by the classical Jewish Rabbinical records, which state that Mary was the daughter of “Eli.” This is also supported by the Jewish tradition of patrilineality that “the family of the mother is not called a family,” further indicating that Luke is referencing Mary’s genealogy (that, by marriage to Mary, Joseph was the son of Heli). There are, however, other interpretations of how this qualification relates to the rest of the genealogy. Some see the remainder as the true genealogy of Joseph, despite the different genealogy given in Matthew.
Bible Genealogy Adam To Jesus
This is a Bible genealogy chart from Adam to Jesus.
Adam
Seth
Enos
Cainan
Mahalaleel
Jared
Enoch
Methuselah
Lamech (Cain and Seth’s brother)
Noah (Shem, Ham, and Japheth’s brother)
Shem (Noah’s son)
Arphaxad (Shem’s son) Salah (Arphaxad’s son)
Eber (Salah’s son) Peleg (Eber’s son) Reu (Peleg’s son) Serug (Reu’s son) Nahor (Serug’s son)
This chart shows the lineage of Jesus Christ from Adam to Joseph, and then from Joseph to Jesus:
Adam | Seth | Enosh | Kenan | Mahalalel | Jared | Enoch | Methuselah | Lamech | Noah
Shem | Arphaxad | Shelah | Eber | Peleg | Reu| Serug| Nahor| Terah
Abraham (Abram)
Isaac (Ishaq)
Jacob (Isaaq)
The Bible is filled with genealogies that trace the history of humanity from Adam to Jesus.
The Old Testament contains many different genealogies, but they all have one thing in common: they trace back to Adam and Eve.
In fact, it’s hard to find a chapter in the Bible that doesn’t mention them. There are even entire books devoted to explaining their lives: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, and Ruth.
So what does this mean for us today? Well…
The genealogy of Jesus is the family tree of Jesus, the son of Mary, from his father’s side.
In the New Testament, Matthew and Luke both give lists of who was in Jesus’ ancestry, but their lists are not exactly the same.
The following chart shows the genealogy of Jesus as it appears in both Matthew and Luke. The columns are divided into generations: one generation is 25 years, so a generation would be 100 years.
Adam was the first man. He was created by God and lived in Eden.
Eve was the first woman to be called a human being. She was created by God and lived in Eden with Adam.
Cain killed Abel out of jealousy. God punished Cain by making him leave Eden. Cain then married his sister, and they had children together (Genesis 4).
Abel was murdered by his brother, Cain, after sacrificing a sheep to God in an act of love and devotion (Genesis 4).
Seth replaced Abel as a righteous son of Adam and Eve after their deaths (Genesis 4). He married a woman named Azura, who gave birth to Enosh, Kenan, Mahalalel, Jared, Enoch, Methuselah and Lamech (Genesis 5).
Enosh became the father of Seth after marrying his mother’s sister (Genesis 5). He married Azura and had other children with her: Cainan (Genesis 5) and Mahalaleel (Genesis 5).
What Does Jesus Genealogy Indicate
Matthew begins by calling Jesus the son of David, indicating his royal origin, and also son of Abraham, indicating that he was an Israelite; both are stock phrases, in which son means descendant, calling to mind the promises God made to David and to Abraham.
Genealogy Of Jesus Through Mary
Mary was the wife of Joseph and the mother of Jesus Christ, who was conceived within her by the Holy Spirit when she was a virgin. She is often called the “Virgin Mary,” though never in Scripture are those two words put together as a proper name (Matthew 2:11; Matthew 1:23; Luke 1:27; Acts 1:14).
Little is known of her personal history. Her genealogy is given in Luke 3 (see below). She was of the tribe of Judah and the lineage of David (Psalm 132:11; Luke 1:32). She was connected by marriage with Elisabeth, who was of the lineage of Aaron (Luke 1:36).
After this she went to visit her cousin Elisabeth, who was living with her husband Zacharias (probably at Juttah (Joshua 15:55; 21:16), in the neighborhood of Maon), at a considerable distance, about 100 miles, from Nazareth. Immediately on entering the house she was saluted by Elisabeth as the mother of her Lord, and then immediately gave her hymn of thanksgiving (Luke 1:46-56; compare 1 Samuel 2:1-10). After three months Mary returned to Nazareth to her own home.
Joseph was supernaturally made aware (Matthew 1:18-25) of her condition, and took her to his own home. Soon after this the decree of Augustus (Luke 2:1) required that they should proceed to Bethlehem (Micah 5:2), some 80 or 90 miles from Nazareth; and while they were there they found shelter (Luke 2:6-7). There she brought forth her son, who was called Jesus (Matthew 1:21), because he was to save his people from their sins.
This was followed by the presentation in the temple, the flight into Egypt, and their return in the following year and residence at Nazareth (Matthew 2). There for thirty years Mary, the wife of Joseph the carpenter, resides, filling her own humble sphere, and pondering over the strange things that had happened to her. During these years only one event in the history of Jesus is recorded, viz., his going up to Jerusalem when twelve years of age, and his being found among the doctors in the temple (Luke 2:41-52). Probably also during this period Joseph died, for he is not again mentioned.
After the commencement of our Lord’s public ministry little notice is taken of Mary. She was present at the marriage in Cana. A year and a half after this we find her at Capernaum (Matthew 12:46, 48-49), where Christ uttered the memorable words, “Who is my mother? and who are my brethren? And he stretched forth his hand toward his disciples, and said, Behold my mother and my brethren!” The next time we find her is at the cross along with her sister Mary, and Mary Magdalene, and Salome, and other women (John 19:26). From that hour John took her to his own abode. She was with the little company in the upper room after the Ascension (Acts 1:14). From this time she wholly disappears from public notice. The time and manner of her death are unknown.
Mary’s lineage
Note that the point of divergence between the royal lineage of Mary and that of Joseph is that he descended from David’s son King Solomon, and Mary from David’s son Prince Nathan.
God → ADAM → Seth → Enos / Enosh → Cainan → Mahalalel / Mahalaleel → Jared → Enoch → Methuselah → Lamech → NOAH → Shem → Arphaxad / Arpachshad → Shelah → Eber / Heber (father of the Hebrews) → Peleg → Reu → Serug → Nahor → Terah → Abraham → Isaac → Jacob → Judah → Perez → Hezron → Ram → Amminadab → Nahshon → Salmon → Boaz → Obed → Jesse → KING DAVID and Queen Bathsheba → Prince Nathan → Mattathah → Menan / Menna → Melea → Eliakim → Jonan → Joseph → Judah → Simeon → Levi → Matthat → Jorim → Eliezer → Jose (Joshua, Jesus) → Er → Elmodam → Cosam → Addi → Melchi → Neri → Shealtiel → Zerubbabel → Rhesa → Joannas / Joanna → Judah → Joseph → Semei → Mattathiah / Mattathias → Maath → Naggai → Esli → Nahum → Amos → Mattathiah / Mattathias → Joseph → Janna → Melchi → Levi → Matthat → Heli → MARY, mother of Jesus → The 2nd Adam, JESUS THE CHRIST, the God-Man (wholly God and wholly human).
Royalty
Mary’s father was Heli (Eli) who was a direct descendant of King David which gave Jesus the right to ascend the Jewish throne, both through Mary and through adoption by his foster father, Joseph.
Mary’s genealogy is supplied in Luke 3:23-38. Dr. Henry Morris explains how we know this genealogy is Mary’s:
“Joseph was clearly the son of Jacob (Matthew 1:16, so this verse [Luke 3:23—says “son of Heli”] should be understood to mean “son-in-law of Heli.” Thus, the genealogy of Christ in Luke is actually the genealogy of Mary, while Matthew gives that of Joseph. Actually, the word “son” is not in the original, so it would be legitimate to supply either “son” or “son-in-law” in this context. Since Matthew and Luke clearly record much common material, it is certain that neither one could unknowingly incorporate such a flagrant apparent mistake as the wrong genealogy in his record. As it is, however, the two genealogies show that both parents were descendants of David—Joseph through Solomon (Matthew 1:7-15), thus inheriting the legal right to the throne of David, and Mary through Nathan (Luke 3:23-31), her line thus carrying the seed of David, since Solomon’s line had been refused the throne because of Jechoniah’s sin” [Dr. Henry M. Morris, The Defender’s Study Bible, note for Luke 3:23 (Iowa Falls, Iowa: World Publishing, Inc., 1995).].
Mary’s other children
Mary’s other sons included Joses (Joseph), James, Judas (Judah, Jude—not Judas Iscariot), and Simon (not Simon Peter). There were daughters, as well, but they are not named in Scripture (Matthew 13:55-56; 1:25; 12:47; Mark 6:3; Luke 2:7; John 2:12; Acts 1:14).
Of the brothers, the next oldest after Jesus was James (Matthew 13:55-56; Mark 6:3). Other verses which indicate the existence of Mary and Joseph’s other children: Matthew 1:25; 12:47; Luke 2:7; John 2:12; Acts 1:14.
The Bible reveals that there was some initial skepticism in Christ’s family about his ministry (Matthew 12:46-50; Mark 3:31-35; Luke 8:19-21; John 7:5). This later changed when James personally witnessed the fact of his brother’s resurrection from the dead (1 Corinthians 15:7). James personally talked to Jesus after his resurrection (1 Corinthians 15:7) and became a strong believer and follower of Jesus, and eventually the leader of the Jerusalem church (1 Corinthians 9:5; Galatians 2:9). In Galatians 1:19, Paul referred to James as an apostle, like himself. James also endorsed Paul’s ministry (Galatians 2:1-10).
Jesus’ other brothers apparently became missionaries (1 Corinthians 9:5).
Jesus’ human body was not produced by sexual intercourse
Unlike his younger brothers and sisters, Jesus, the Christ, was not produced in Mary’s womb as a result of sexual intercourse with a man (various key Mormon leaders wrongly claim that Mary had sex with God/Adam) / Islam wrongly claims that Christians believe that Mary had sex with God). In reality, Jesus Christ’s conception was a special and unique miracle of the Holy Spirit.
Was Mary’s DNA a part of Jesus?
Many Protestants have not thought this issue through carefully. Roman Catholicism has particularly made grievous errors in its doctrines elevating Mary, a repentant sinner saved by grace, like all the redeemed—God’s Word gives us no reason to believe otherwise. She needed the Savior, as we all do.
“for ALL have sinned and fall short of the glory of God” (Romans 3:23—NASB)
Prior to His incarnation as the humble baby Jesus in Bethlehem, He was a Divine Person in spirit form, part of the Trinity that is God. He is called “The Word,” and He existed BEFORE the Creation of the world. In fact, the Apostle John revealed that He is the Person of the Trinity that created the universe (John 1).
“All things were made by Him; and without Him was not any thing made that was made” (John 1:3).
Under Jewish law, baby Jesus was clearly legally the son of Mary and Joseph—to Mary, by being grown in her womb (and then delivered like any other child), and to Joseph by legal adoption) under well-established Jewish law. Both parents, traced their ancestry to King David; so Jesus (the Messiah), too, was solidly a fully legal descendant of David and born of a woman, as prophecy foretold.
There are important differences between baby Jesus and every other human child. Jesus was born of a virgin. Ever since Adam’s Creation, from the dust of the Earth, and Eve’s subsequent formation from Adam’s side, all their descendants have been created at the moment of conception. Each new person, complete with eternal soul, wondrously begins—due to Divine design—at the moment the DNA of a man and woman combine. (Even angels cannot reproduce and create new souls; what an amazing gift the Creator bestowed on Adam and Eve, and their descendants.)
Jesus’ spirit already existed in eternity past—He is God; clearly his spirit did not come into existence on Earth through sexual DNA combination, as do other children. Neither did his body. The physical body of the man Jesus has to have been a special creation of God, placed in Mary’s womb.
“…a body hast thou [God] prepared me…”) Hebrews 10:5
This is the biblical doctrine of incarnation and the virgin birth.
The Father sent “…His own Son in the LIKENESS of sinful flesh and as an offering for sin…” (Romans 8:3 NASB)
For thousands of years, every human child has been born with an inherited corrupted flesh with its sinful nature) (Romans 8:3). This is the result of mankind’s sinful first parents, Adam and Eve, from whom we genetically descended. Each generation has sinned (Romans 3:23) and through reproduction passed on its sinful nature and the curse of death (spiritual and physical), to each succeeding generation.
This is the biblical doctrine of the fall of man and the imputation of sin—the Way of salvation, eternally separates us from God (Romans 5:12-19).
“…flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God” —1 Corinthians 15:50 KJV
Like Adam, Jesus was not physically derived from any previous human being. Both began as untainted special creations, without a sin nature or corrupted flesh and able to stand in God’s Holy presence. Jesus is just as fully human as Adam. Thus, Jesus is called the Second Adam (and the Last Adam—1 Corinthians 15:45-4). The Second Adam is the great solution humanity desperately needed (Romans 5:12-19).
Although Jesus grew in the womb of Mary, apparently in the same manner as any normal baby, His source was Divine—different from all other human babies. He could not be from the egg of Mary, for it, like all other cells of descendants of Adam, contained the inherited sin nature, corruption and the curse of death that is passed through our DNA—causing us all to be born spiritually dead and doomed to physical death.
Jesus is absolutely PURE and SINLESS. He had to be flawless, since His purpose in becoming a man was to serve as the spotless LAMB OF GOD, without blemish, a worthy sacrifice to pay for our sins (John 1:29).
In summary, it seems clear that neither Christ’s spirit nor his body resulted from the DNA of Mary; she was a vessel (the chosen descendant of David), but not the source. Like all people, Mary’s DNA contained inherited genetic defects, including our unregenerate sinful nature. Our Creator was incarnated (given a HOLY fetal human body) by the Holy Spirit and the power of the Father (Luke 1:35)—a body as human as Adam’s, before sin—totally pure and righteous. He grew and lived a sinless life and then died for our sins (satisfying the need for justice), and arose—defeating the penalty of eternal death for us and ultimately regain Paradise for His chosen people. So amazing is our Creator and Savior!